Prevalence and Genotypic Analysis and Antibiotic Resistance of Salmonella Species Isolated from Imported and Freshly Slaughtered Chicken

Abstract

Salmonellosis is a bacterial disease caused by different types of Salmonella species and associated with clinical disease in both human, birds and livestock species. Salmonellosis associated with severe economic impacts either from losses in poultry farm due to pathological picture losses, cost of medication, condemnation in slaughterhouse or zoonotic important. This study focused on the prevalence of Salmonellae in imported frozen and freshly slaughtered chicken in Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt. A total of 273 samples were collected from 66 examined birds (24 from Balady chickens “Native Bred”, 23 from Broiler chicken and 19 from frozen chicken). Nineteen out of 66 chickens (6.95%) Salmonella species were isolated, representing: 10 from Balady (native bred) chicken (8.3%), eight from broiler chicken (7%) and one from imported frozen chicken (2.61%). The serotyping of the Salmonellae isolated from chickens as follow (5) (26.3%) S. typhimurium, (5) (26.3%) S. kentucky, (3) (15.8%) S. infantis (2) (10.5%) S. enteritidis, (2) (10.5%) S. tamale, (2) (10.5%) S. newport. PCR assay was carried out on nine serovars (2) S. enteritidis, (2) S. typhimurium, (2) S. kentucky, (1) S. infantis, (1) S. tamale, (1) S. newport detect the presence of InvA (invasion protein InvA), bla_TEM (beta-lactamase TEM). aacC (Aminoglycoside N (3)-acetyltransferase IV), qepA (Quinolone efflux pump), tetA(A) (Tetracycline resistance protein, class D) and sul1(Dihydropteroate synthase type-1) genes, the percentage respectively was 100%, 100%, 33.3, 33.3%, 88.89%, 77.78% in examined Salmonella strains. The susceptibility of Salmonella serovars to chemotherapeutic agents showed high sensitivity to levofloxacin and gentamycin, but the highest resistance was to sulfamethoxazole. The increased prevalence rate of Salmonella species isolation from chicken and chicken meat carrying Multidrug Resistance (MDR) genes for commonly used antimicrobial agents, consider a critical threat for public health issues. Further studies are required to understand Salmonella spp epidemiology and to limit the spread of multidrug-resistant types.