The Manifestation of the Discrete and Continuous Types of Bioelectric Control of Natural Locomotion at the Over-Five Age

Abstract

The concept of physiology of activity by N.A. Bernstein, developed on the grounds of in-depth theoretical and empirical analysis of natural human locomotion, served as a basis for understanding the target determination of human behavior, the mechanisms of motor skills formation and levels of building movements. Scientific and technological progress has determined the emergence of new methods for registration of natural human locomotion parameters, complementing Bernstein’s concept with new structures. The method of interference surface electromyogram based on the "Neuro-MEP" computer system of the Neurosoft Company (Ivanovo, Russia) was used to study the indicators of signal implementation amplitude and frequency, as well as electromyogram patterns of shank, thigh and back muscles during squatting by 5-6-year-old children. The dominant types of patterns were determined. It has been found that in the study of muscle groups, the electromyogram burst waveform dominates at the age of 5 years and the monophasic waveform dominates at the age of 6 years. Based on the analysis of the content of obtained electromyograms, we justified the discrete and continuous type of bioelectric control. The discrete type dominates at the age of 5 years. The main criterion of its manifestation is the record of the EMG burst waveform. The continuous type of bioelectric control dominates at the age of 6 against the EMG monophasic waveform recording. It has been revealed that formation of the established types of bioelectric control of the muscle groups under study is subject to the laws of heterochrony and heterotrophy.